Yaseen A. Hayajneh
- Courses5
- Reviews6
- School: Western Connecticut State University
- Campus:
- Department: Management
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Location:
181 White St
Danbury, CT - 06810 - Dates at Western Connecticut State University: December 2017 - March 2018
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Biography
Western Connecticut State University - Management
Coordinator of the MHA and MBA Graduate Programs at Western Connecticut State University
Higher Education
Yaseen
Hayajneh
Danbury, Connecticut
A forward-thinking higher education leader and health care executive, Professor Hayajneh, Jumeira University’s Chief Academic Officer and Dean of Academic Studies, has substantial experiences in senior roles in higher education and health care. He has graduated with a doctorate and post-doctorate studies in health care management and health informatics from the university of Iowa in the United States of America and with a masters in public health in health care management and bachelor from Jordan University of Science and Technology.
Professor Hayajneh has a strong background in academic and executive leadership and system establishment. He has a proven success record as a senior executive leading and establishing academic programs and university hospitals. He has led organizations, academic units, academic committees and task forces with a wide variety of responsibilities over his career that spans over 20 years and includes working in the USA, Jordanian and UAE universities and hospitals. He has led efforts to develop and refine a number of graduate and undergraduate programs. Dr. Hayajneh has taught at the following universities: the University of Montana in the USA, Jordan University of Science and Technology, the University of Sharjah in the UAE, and the University of Iowa in the USA.
Professor Hayajneh is a person of integrity who has strong analytical skills, motivating and engaging personality, strong managerial skills, and high standards of excellence. Professor Hayajneh has many research publications in peer-reviewed periodicals. His research work focuses on optimizing the delivery of quality health care through achieving a better understanding of health care systems and health information systems. He is an expert in the use of technology to optimize operations and workflows in higher education and health care.
Experience
Jumeira University
Professor, Chief Academic Officer & Dean of Academic Studies
As the Chief Academic Officer (CAO) and the Dean of Academic Studies, I provide the academic leadership, direction & management of all academic programs.
My role as the CAO & Dean involves the following:
- participate in the development of the strategic plan & of the annual operational plans & budgets
- implement & review university’s model of academic excellence
- encourage & facilitate the adoption of a student-centered learning environment
- review & improve academic programs
- ensure effectiveness & efficiency of academic operations
- approve & document all changes to the CAA approved curriculum
- represent the university internally & externally
- develop new market-driven academic programs & work with others to secure their approval
- review existing academic programs’ curricula
- manage academic human capital (recruit, terminate, evaluate, develop, mentor, guide)
- oversee faculty performance appraisals and development programs
- ensure that courses are planned & delivered in compliance with JU excellence model
- ensure that all course assessment tools are moderated to ensure their quality
- ensure the adherence to the accreditation standards
- oversee & chair most of the committee's meetings & activities
- plan & implement the academic communication plan
- assess & introduce innovative pedagogies & instructional technologies
- develop & implement student success program
- improve student retention & graduation rates
- encourage & facilitate interdisciplinary teaching & research
- ensure the compliance with institutional effectiveness measures
- encourage innovation in teaching and learning
- facilitate & encourage community engagement
- select & manage the administrative staff supporting the CAO officeHealth Services Administration Department, University of Sharjah
Assistant Professor
- Teaching health informatics and health administration courses.
- Chair of College Student Affairs and Advising Committee (2 years).
- Chair of College Course Timetable Committee (1 year).
- Member in College Council (4 years).
- Member of Students Affairs Committee (University level, 2 years).
- Member in Academic Accreditation Committee.
- Member of Student Assessment Committee.University Hospital Sharjah
Chief Operating Officer and Member of Board of Trustees
Reporting to the Chairman of the Board of Trustees in a hospital without a CEO, I was responsible for the executive and operational management of the first and only university hospital in the United Arab Emirates. I was responsible for translating the vision and mission of the hospital, recruiting top talent workforce; assuring astute fiscal operations; and creating a patient-centered culture that embraces service excellence and supports continuous growth and sustainability. I played a pivotal role in establishing new business ideas and centers of excellence and creation of systems capable of providing world-class health care. I worked with hospital board of trustees, my peer executives and through fellow department managers and employees to translate the mission, vision and values of the hospital. I provided direction and administration to the hospital's day-to-day operation. As the COO I provided executive leadership, oversight and supervision for the following services: information technology, human resources, material management, facilities management and engineering, biomedical engineering, patient access services, marketing and public relations, medical records, and support services. I also acted as the director of nursing, in the absence of original nursing director.
University Hospital Sharjah
Chief Information Officer and Director of Information Technology
Chief Information Officer. Planning and initiating the deployment and implementation of hospital health information system Trakcare and ERP at University Hospital Sharjah and setting the IT infrastructure and operational plans. Subsequently, university hospital Sharjah has received HIMSS prestigious award associated with achieving Stage 6 on the EMR Adoption ModelSM (EMRAM).
Western Connecticut State University
Coordinator of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) Program
Yaseen worked at Western Connecticut State University as a Coordinator of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) Program
Western Connecticut State University
Associate Professor
Coordinating the MHA Program (2017 - ).
Coordinating the MBA Program (2018 - ).
Member of the Graduate Council of the university (2017 - ).
Chair of the university-level Graduate Catalog Committee (2018 - ).
Member of the Graduate Planning Curriculum Committee - Ancell School of Busines (2017 - ).
Member of the Center for Excellence in Learning and Teaching Advisory Committee (2017 - ).
Member of the University Planning and Budgeting Committee - (2019 - )
Member of the Chairs and Coordinator team of the Ancell School of Business (2017 - ).
Member of the Committee on Distance Education. (2019 - ).
Member of Learning Goals Assessment Committee - Ancel Graduate Programs (2017 - ).
Teaching the following courses:
- MGT 320 Operations Management - Undergraduate - Sp18, F18, Sp19
- MGT 580 Health Delivery Systems - Graduate - F17, F18, F19
- MGT 581 Health-Services Financial Management - Graduate - Sm18, Sm19
- MGT 582 Managing Health Services Organizations - Graduate - Sp18, Sp19
- MGT 584 Long-Term Care Administration - Graduate - Sm18
- MGT 589 Health Services Information Technology & Innovation - Graduate - W17, Sp19, F19
- MGT 591 Health Policy - Graduate - F17, W18
- MGT 595 Strategic Management for Health Services - Graduate - Sp18, Sm19Western Connecticut State University
Coordinator of the Master of Health Administration (MHA) Program
Yaseen worked at Western Connecticut State University as a Coordinator of the Master of Health Administration (MHA) Program
Education
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Master's of Public Health
Health Services Administration
University of Iowa
Post Doctorate
Health Care Informatics
University of Iowa
PhD
Health Care and Nursing Administration
Publications
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
A Case-Control Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk Factors in North Jordan.
Journal of Medical Virology 82:220–223 (2010)
Jordan is a country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection where risk factors for viral transmission and their relative contributions are not well known. A case-control study of 100 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients and another 100 seronegative controls was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were performed to examine probable risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infections. Logistic-regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infection were sharing toothbrushes (odds ratio = 10.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.181-87.509), unhygienic dental care (odds ratio = 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 1.294-4.658), and living abroad for at least 1 year (odds ratio = 20.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.268-176.685). The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for both increasing the use of hepatitis B vaccines and risk-targeted public health education. Development and enforcement of appropriate infection control guidelines for dental care services are also necessary to curtail HBV transmission. Further research that controls for confounding factors is needed to assess the relative contribution of the identified risk factors in the Jordanian community.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
A Case-Control Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk Factors in North Jordan.
Journal of Medical Virology 82:220–223 (2010)
Jordan is a country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection where risk factors for viral transmission and their relative contributions are not well known. A case-control study of 100 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients and another 100 seronegative controls was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were performed to examine probable risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infections. Logistic-regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infection were sharing toothbrushes (odds ratio = 10.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.181-87.509), unhygienic dental care (odds ratio = 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 1.294-4.658), and living abroad for at least 1 year (odds ratio = 20.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.268-176.685). The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for both increasing the use of hepatitis B vaccines and risk-targeted public health education. Development and enforcement of appropriate infection control guidelines for dental care services are also necessary to curtail HBV transmission. Further research that controls for confounding factors is needed to assess the relative contribution of the identified risk factors in the Jordanian community.
An Analysis of Body Weight and Hemodialysis Adequacy Based on the Urea Reduction Ratio
ANNA Journal, 26(4), 391-400.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate inadequate hemodialysis risk in patients with body weights in the upper quartile of a sample distribution using the urea reduction ratio (URR). Using a case-control design and a simple random sample (n = 315) of hemodialysis (HD) patients, postdialysis weights were divided into quartiles based with a cut-off value at the upper quartile, which was equal to > 81 kilograms (kg). The dichotomous outcome, URR > 65% and URR < 65% constituted the classification for inadequate dialysis risk. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate inadequate dialysis risk based on this outcome. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables and validated for goodness of fit. Those in the > 81 kg group were given more dialysis session time in minutes and used higher efficiency dialyzers as indicated by the coefficient of ultrafiltration (KUf), yet were more likely to have URRs < 65% compared to other patients in the sample (p < 0.001). This finding persisted in the logistic regression model when simultaneously fitting both gender and dialysis session time. Patients weighing > 81 kg experienced an increased risk of inadequate dialysis when compared to all others (OR 4.02, 95% CI [confidence interval] 2.217-7.29). A postdialysis weight > 81 kg increased the risk of inadequate dialysis for patients in this sample. This effect was confounded by a dialysis time x weight interaction term. Also, women were found to have a lower inadequate dialysis risk compared to men after adjusting for weight classification. We, therefore, conclude that patients who weigh > 81 kg may experience inadequate dialysis despite longer, more efficient dialysis sessions. Longer dialysis sessions may benefit some patients, but the effect in larger patients may not be a uniform response.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
A Case-Control Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk Factors in North Jordan.
Journal of Medical Virology 82:220–223 (2010)
Jordan is a country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection where risk factors for viral transmission and their relative contributions are not well known. A case-control study of 100 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients and another 100 seronegative controls was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were performed to examine probable risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infections. Logistic-regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infection were sharing toothbrushes (odds ratio = 10.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.181-87.509), unhygienic dental care (odds ratio = 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 1.294-4.658), and living abroad for at least 1 year (odds ratio = 20.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.268-176.685). The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for both increasing the use of hepatitis B vaccines and risk-targeted public health education. Development and enforcement of appropriate infection control guidelines for dental care services are also necessary to curtail HBV transmission. Further research that controls for confounding factors is needed to assess the relative contribution of the identified risk factors in the Jordanian community.
An Analysis of Body Weight and Hemodialysis Adequacy Based on the Urea Reduction Ratio
ANNA Journal, 26(4), 391-400.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate inadequate hemodialysis risk in patients with body weights in the upper quartile of a sample distribution using the urea reduction ratio (URR). Using a case-control design and a simple random sample (n = 315) of hemodialysis (HD) patients, postdialysis weights were divided into quartiles based with a cut-off value at the upper quartile, which was equal to > 81 kilograms (kg). The dichotomous outcome, URR > 65% and URR < 65% constituted the classification for inadequate dialysis risk. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate inadequate dialysis risk based on this outcome. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables and validated for goodness of fit. Those in the > 81 kg group were given more dialysis session time in minutes and used higher efficiency dialyzers as indicated by the coefficient of ultrafiltration (KUf), yet were more likely to have URRs < 65% compared to other patients in the sample (p < 0.001). This finding persisted in the logistic regression model when simultaneously fitting both gender and dialysis session time. Patients weighing > 81 kg experienced an increased risk of inadequate dialysis when compared to all others (OR 4.02, 95% CI [confidence interval] 2.217-7.29). A postdialysis weight > 81 kg increased the risk of inadequate dialysis for patients in this sample. This effect was confounded by a dialysis time x weight interaction term. Also, women were found to have a lower inadequate dialysis risk compared to men after adjusting for weight classification. We, therefore, conclude that patients who weigh > 81 kg may experience inadequate dialysis despite longer, more efficient dialysis sessions. Longer dialysis sessions may benefit some patients, but the effect in larger patients may not be a uniform response.
Factor analysis for an institutional image instrument
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing.
Higher education environments have become increasingly competitive and institutions have to compete for students in the recruitment markets. Institutional image is considered a cornerstone which influences the students’ choice for an academic institution. The purpose of this study aimed at developing a valid and reliable instrument for institutional image to aid in marketing efforts performed at the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. Students of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Sharjah were approached in the study. Two hundred and twenty two (222) students voluntarily participated in the study which involved a survey questionnaire based on a five point Likert scale for 18 items included on the questionnaire related to academic institutional image. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation was used for questionnaire validation and categorization of resulting factors. Reliability tests were performed to assess the reliability of the items included in the questionnaire. Tests included test-retest reliability, Cronbach alpha, and split-half reliability coefficients. The image instrument includes the general items stated in the literature as well as items relevant to the University of Sharjah indicating the distinctiveness of the image to be used for marketing activities on behalf of the university. Keywords Higher education - Institutional image - Factor analysis - Instrument.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
A Case-Control Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk Factors in North Jordan.
Journal of Medical Virology 82:220–223 (2010)
Jordan is a country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection where risk factors for viral transmission and their relative contributions are not well known. A case-control study of 100 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients and another 100 seronegative controls was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were performed to examine probable risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infections. Logistic-regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infection were sharing toothbrushes (odds ratio = 10.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.181-87.509), unhygienic dental care (odds ratio = 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 1.294-4.658), and living abroad for at least 1 year (odds ratio = 20.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.268-176.685). The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for both increasing the use of hepatitis B vaccines and risk-targeted public health education. Development and enforcement of appropriate infection control guidelines for dental care services are also necessary to curtail HBV transmission. Further research that controls for confounding factors is needed to assess the relative contribution of the identified risk factors in the Jordanian community.
An Analysis of Body Weight and Hemodialysis Adequacy Based on the Urea Reduction Ratio
ANNA Journal, 26(4), 391-400.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate inadequate hemodialysis risk in patients with body weights in the upper quartile of a sample distribution using the urea reduction ratio (URR). Using a case-control design and a simple random sample (n = 315) of hemodialysis (HD) patients, postdialysis weights were divided into quartiles based with a cut-off value at the upper quartile, which was equal to > 81 kilograms (kg). The dichotomous outcome, URR > 65% and URR < 65% constituted the classification for inadequate dialysis risk. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate inadequate dialysis risk based on this outcome. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables and validated for goodness of fit. Those in the > 81 kg group were given more dialysis session time in minutes and used higher efficiency dialyzers as indicated by the coefficient of ultrafiltration (KUf), yet were more likely to have URRs < 65% compared to other patients in the sample (p < 0.001). This finding persisted in the logistic regression model when simultaneously fitting both gender and dialysis session time. Patients weighing > 81 kg experienced an increased risk of inadequate dialysis when compared to all others (OR 4.02, 95% CI [confidence interval] 2.217-7.29). A postdialysis weight > 81 kg increased the risk of inadequate dialysis for patients in this sample. This effect was confounded by a dialysis time x weight interaction term. Also, women were found to have a lower inadequate dialysis risk compared to men after adjusting for weight classification. We, therefore, conclude that patients who weigh > 81 kg may experience inadequate dialysis despite longer, more efficient dialysis sessions. Longer dialysis sessions may benefit some patients, but the effect in larger patients may not be a uniform response.
Factor analysis for an institutional image instrument
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing.
Higher education environments have become increasingly competitive and institutions have to compete for students in the recruitment markets. Institutional image is considered a cornerstone which influences the students’ choice for an academic institution. The purpose of this study aimed at developing a valid and reliable instrument for institutional image to aid in marketing efforts performed at the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. Students of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Sharjah were approached in the study. Two hundred and twenty two (222) students voluntarily participated in the study which involved a survey questionnaire based on a five point Likert scale for 18 items included on the questionnaire related to academic institutional image. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation was used for questionnaire validation and categorization of resulting factors. Reliability tests were performed to assess the reliability of the items included in the questionnaire. Tests included test-retest reliability, Cronbach alpha, and split-half reliability coefficients. The image instrument includes the general items stated in the literature as well as items relevant to the University of Sharjah indicating the distinctiveness of the image to be used for marketing activities on behalf of the university. Keywords Higher education - Institutional image - Factor analysis - Instrument.
Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity among Arab Pre-adolescents in a developing country.
Proceedings of the First Joint JSED – AACE Congress and The Second Congress of the Jordanian Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Jordanian Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism May 2007, Amman, Jordan 114-115.
Objectives: The morbidity and mortality rates are proportionally related to the body mass index (BMI). Adulthood obesity is strongly linked to obesity during childhood. The older the obese child is, the stronger is the association. The weight status of children in the developing countries is not well studied. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preadolescents in developing countries, specifically in Tartous area in Syria. Methods: Anthropometric data was collected from a representative sample of 1012 preadolescents. BMI was calculated for each student and the CDC BMI-for-Age charts were used to define and classify weight status. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.6% (14.3% overweight, 8.3% obesity). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male preadolescents were 11.7% and 11.3% and among female peradolescents were 16.8 and 5.4%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between weight status and gender (P value=0.001). Female preadolescents are more probable to be overweight than males (OR=1.52); male preadolescents are more probable to be obese than females (OR=2.23). Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in urban (15.2%, 9.6%) versus rural areas (13.7%, 7.5%), the difference wasn't statistically significant (P value=0.31). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among preadolescents in the developing countries, specifically in Tartous area in Syria. Female preadolescents are more likely to be overweight than males but less likely to be obese. Preadolescents living in urban areas have a tendency to be overweight and obese in comparison with their peers residing in rural areas.
Screening and Correlates of Depression and HbA1C in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Women With Diabetes
Perspective in Psychiatric care
Keywords: Depression; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; socio-demographic variables Purpose: The aim was to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of United Arab Emirates (UAE) women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in relation to glycemic control. Design and Methods: One hundred eighty-two subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a socio-demographic questionnaire (i.e., age, national status, economic status, level of education, and employment status). Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Findings: Ninety-two subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant higher incidence of depression was found in the subject group with diagnosed diabetes mellitus than in the nondiabetic subject group. A statistically significant relationship was found between depression status and type of diabetes (Type 1). A positive relationship between poor glycemic control and higher levels of depression was identified. A positively significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample, among whom at least half showed poor glycemic control (HbA1C levels > 7.5). Practice Implications: Early detection of depression among women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control. As the UAE diabetic women are at even greater risk than other diabetic women, they need to be very carefully screened and evaluated for depression.
Comparison of Clinical Associations and Laboratory Abnormalities in Children With Moderate and Severe Dehydration
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2010;50: 290–294
OBJECTIVES: To search for possible early clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with severe dehydration in northern Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We prospectively evaluated 251 children with acute gastroenteritis. Dehydration assessment was done following a known clinical scheme. Probable clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities were examined against the preassigned dehydration status. RESULTS:: Children with severe dehydration had significantly more hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, less isonatremia, and higher mean levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed statistically significant area under the curve values for laboratory variables. These area under the curve values were 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.980-1.001) for serum urea, 0.862 (95% CI 0.746-0.978) for sodium, 0.850 (95% CI 0.751-0.949) for creatinine, 0.69 (95% CI 0.555-0.824) for potassium, and 0.684 (95% CI 0.574-0.795) for glucose (P < 0.05 for all). Certain independent serum cutoff levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, glucose, and potassium had high negative predictive value (100%), whereas other cutoff values for each, except potassium, had high positive predictive value (100%) for severe dehydration. Historic clinical characteristics of patients did not correlate to dehydration degree. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and glucose were useful independently in augmenting clinical examination to diagnose the degree of dehydration status among children presenting with gastroenteritis. Serum urea performed the best among all. On the contrary, none of the examined historical clinical patterns could be correlated to the dehydration status. Larger and multicenter studies are needed to validate our results and to examine their impact on final outcomes.
Barriers to the Adoption of Health Information Technology in Arab Countries' Hospitals: Practitioners' Perspective
24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information – J. Mantas et al. (Eds.)
Health information technology (HIT) is playing an important role in the delivery of health services. Barriers to the adoption of HIT by Arab countries' hospitals (ACHs) are still to be identified, described and understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the main barriers to the adoption of HIT in ACHs. A total of 169 valid responses were received from health professionals working at ACHs that did not use HIT. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers are: lack of financial resources and high cost; poor management and bureaucracy; poor staff IT competency; lack of qualified IT personnel and lack of awareness of HIT value. To ensure effective deployment of HIT in ACHs, policy makers and decision makers of health systems need to consider these barriers when planning for HIT utilization.
Adverse Events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and Causes
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380
Background: Adverse events in health care have become an important issue for health care professionals, administrators, health policy makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; (2) estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Design: Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Results: The results indicated that(1) medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; (2) workload and inadequate staffing; technical performance; negligence and poor ethics; poor management; psychosocial job demands; and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events . On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Implications: Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals: An exploratory study
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2009; 15: 303–310
The aim of this study is to (i) determine the turnover rate among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals; and (ii) compare the turnover rate between (a) male and female registered nurses; (b) northern, middle and southern regions; (c) public, private and university hospitals; (d) rural and urban hospitals; and (e) general and specialized hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective survey design was used. A structured interview method was utilized to collect data. A proportional random sample of 25% of the total number of Jordanian hospitals was taken. The results showed that the overall turnover rate was 36.6%. There were variations according to geographical region, health sector and place of residence. Turnover among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals is considered a problem that requires effective strategies to deal with. Further research is required to identify the causes, and to explain the differences in the turnover rates according to the different study variables.
A Case-Control Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk Factors in North Jordan.
Journal of Medical Virology 82:220–223 (2010)
Jordan is a country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection where risk factors for viral transmission and their relative contributions are not well known. A case-control study of 100 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients and another 100 seronegative controls was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were performed to examine probable risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infections. Logistic-regression analysis showed that significant risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus infection were sharing toothbrushes (odds ratio = 10.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.181-87.509), unhygienic dental care (odds ratio = 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 1.294-4.658), and living abroad for at least 1 year (odds ratio = 20.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.268-176.685). The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for both increasing the use of hepatitis B vaccines and risk-targeted public health education. Development and enforcement of appropriate infection control guidelines for dental care services are also necessary to curtail HBV transmission. Further research that controls for confounding factors is needed to assess the relative contribution of the identified risk factors in the Jordanian community.
An Analysis of Body Weight and Hemodialysis Adequacy Based on the Urea Reduction Ratio
ANNA Journal, 26(4), 391-400.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate inadequate hemodialysis risk in patients with body weights in the upper quartile of a sample distribution using the urea reduction ratio (URR). Using a case-control design and a simple random sample (n = 315) of hemodialysis (HD) patients, postdialysis weights were divided into quartiles based with a cut-off value at the upper quartile, which was equal to > 81 kilograms (kg). The dichotomous outcome, URR > 65% and URR < 65% constituted the classification for inadequate dialysis risk. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate inadequate dialysis risk based on this outcome. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables and validated for goodness of fit. Those in the > 81 kg group were given more dialysis session time in minutes and used higher efficiency dialyzers as indicated by the coefficient of ultrafiltration (KUf), yet were more likely to have URRs < 65% compared to other patients in the sample (p < 0.001). This finding persisted in the logistic regression model when simultaneously fitting both gender and dialysis session time. Patients weighing > 81 kg experienced an increased risk of inadequate dialysis when compared to all others (OR 4.02, 95% CI [confidence interval] 2.217-7.29). A postdialysis weight > 81 kg increased the risk of inadequate dialysis for patients in this sample. This effect was confounded by a dialysis time x weight interaction term. Also, women were found to have a lower inadequate dialysis risk compared to men after adjusting for weight classification. We, therefore, conclude that patients who weigh > 81 kg may experience inadequate dialysis despite longer, more efficient dialysis sessions. Longer dialysis sessions may benefit some patients, but the effect in larger patients may not be a uniform response.
Factor analysis for an institutional image instrument
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing.
Higher education environments have become increasingly competitive and institutions have to compete for students in the recruitment markets. Institutional image is considered a cornerstone which influences the students’ choice for an academic institution. The purpose of this study aimed at developing a valid and reliable instrument for institutional image to aid in marketing efforts performed at the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. Students of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Sharjah were approached in the study. Two hundred and twenty two (222) students voluntarily participated in the study which involved a survey questionnaire based on a five point Likert scale for 18 items included on the questionnaire related to academic institutional image. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation was used for questionnaire validation and categorization of resulting factors. Reliability tests were performed to assess the reliability of the items included in the questionnaire. Tests included test-retest reliability, Cronbach alpha, and split-half reliability coefficients. The image instrument includes the general items stated in the literature as well as items relevant to the University of Sharjah indicating the distinctiveness of the image to be used for marketing activities on behalf of the university. Keywords Higher education - Institutional image - Factor analysis - Instrument.
Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity among Arab Pre-adolescents in a developing country.
Proceedings of the First Joint JSED – AACE Congress and The Second Congress of the Jordanian Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Jordanian Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism May 2007, Amman, Jordan 114-115.
Objectives: The morbidity and mortality rates are proportionally related to the body mass index (BMI). Adulthood obesity is strongly linked to obesity during childhood. The older the obese child is, the stronger is the association. The weight status of children in the developing countries is not well studied. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preadolescents in developing countries, specifically in Tartous area in Syria. Methods: Anthropometric data was collected from a representative sample of 1012 preadolescents. BMI was calculated for each student and the CDC BMI-for-Age charts were used to define and classify weight status. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.6% (14.3% overweight, 8.3% obesity). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male preadolescents were 11.7% and 11.3% and among female peradolescents were 16.8 and 5.4%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between weight status and gender (P value=0.001). Female preadolescents are more probable to be overweight than males (OR=1.52); male preadolescents are more probable to be obese than females (OR=2.23). Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in urban (15.2%, 9.6%) versus rural areas (13.7%, 7.5%), the difference wasn't statistically significant (P value=0.31). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among preadolescents in the developing countries, specifically in Tartous area in Syria. Female preadolescents are more likely to be overweight than males but less likely to be obese. Preadolescents living in urban areas have a tendency to be overweight and obese in comparison with their peers residing in rural areas.
The Effect of Type of Hospital and Health Insurance on Hospital Length of Stay in Irbid, North Jordan
Health Policy and Planning, Vol 12, 166-172
The study aimed at examining the effects of type of hospital and health insurance status on hospital length of stay for three identified medical and surgical conditions. Medical records of 520 patients for the year 1991 were reviewed in one public and one private hospital. Comparison of hospital length of stay for the private (n=185) versus public sector (n=335) was carried out. The effect of presence of health insurance (n=189) and the lack of it (n=325) was also studied. It was found that the average length of stay in the public hospital was significantly longer than the private one (3.3 versus 2.7 days). In addition, insured patients had significantly longer hospital length of stay (3.3 versus 3.0 days). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that after socioeconomic factors and clinical conditions of patients were adjusted for, the influence of hospital type and health insurance on hospital length of stay was about one day. The paper also discusses the need to base hospital cost-containment strategies on studies of hospital behaviour and performance.
