Justin L. Matthews
- Courses3
- Reviews17
- School: California State University Monterey Bay
- Campus:
- Department: Psychology
- Email address: Join to see
- Phone: Join to see
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Location:
100 Campus Center
Seaside, CA - 93955 - Dates at California State University Monterey Bay: December 2014 - January 2020
- Office Hours: Join to see
N/A
Would take again: Yes
For Credit: Yes
0
0
Not Mandatory
Awesome
Prof. Matthews gives 4 main exams. If you don't attend his class, you won't get his lecture slides. Textbook is in line with his slides but going to class still helps you understand the material more. Throughout the sem, you'll have to work on a huge research paper, so I suggest you pick your partners wisely. He also has a good sense of humor. I actually never hated going to class.
Biography
Justin Lee Matthews is a/an Instructional Faculty in the California State University department at California State University
California State University Monterey Bay - Psychology
Assistant Professor at CSU Monterey Bay
Higher Education
Justin L.
Matthews
Seaside, California
I am an Assistant Professor of Psychology at California State University, Monterey Bay. My research blends cognitive science and social psychology in the realms of spatial cognition and human depiction in popular media. I currently have two lines of research. The first line aims to better understand how people think about and use physical space in the realm of social relationships and interactions. The second examines how visual depictions of the human body, in various media, influence perceptions of physical and intellectual abilities. I have published in the areas of social distance, language use, human gesture, sexism in the media, as well as judgment and decision making. I hold a B.A. and an M.A. in Experimental Psychology from California State University, Fresno, and both an M.S. in Social and Cognitive Sciences and a Ph.D. in Cognitive and Information Sciences from University of California, Merced. I am a first-generation college graduate, and was born and raised in California's central San Joaquin Valley.
Experience
University of California, Merced
Instructional Assistant
Introduction to Cognitive Science
Analysis of Psychological DataUniversity of California, Merced
Teaching Fellow / Researcher
Introduction to Language and Linguistics
Mind, Brain, and Computation
Research Methods in Cognitive Science
Analysis of Psychological Data
Introduction to Cognitive ScienceCalifornia State University, Fresno
Teaching Assistant
Research Design and Experimental Methods
Student Academic AdvisorCalifornia State University, Fresno
Lecturer in Psychology
Computer Information and Skills in Psychology
Introduction to Statistics
Assistant Academic AdvisorCalifornia State University, Monterey Bay
Assistant Professor of Psychology
Introduction to Research Methods and Data Analysis
Advanced Psychological Statistics
Senator (Psychology), CSUMB Academic Senate
Appointed Senator, Committee on Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity (RSCA)
Planning Committee Member, Central California Research Symposium (Fresno State)
Education
California State University-Fresno
Master of Arts (M.A.)
Experimental Psychology
University of California, Merced
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Cognitive and Information Sciences
University of California, Merced
Master of Science (M.S.)
Social and Cognitive Sciences
University of California, Merced
Instructional Assistant
Introduction to Cognitive Science Analysis of Psychological DataUniversity of California, Merced
Teaching Fellow / Researcher
Introduction to Language and Linguistics Mind, Brain, and Computation Research Methods in Cognitive Science Analysis of Psychological Data Introduction to Cognitive ScienceCalifornia State University, Fresno
Teaching Assistant
Research Design and Experimental Methods Student Academic AdvisorCalifornia State University, Fresno
Lecturer in Psychology
Computer Information and Skills in Psychology Introduction to Statistics Assistant Academic Advisor
Publications
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Understanding the link between spatial distance and social distance
Social Psychology
Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Understanding the link between spatial distance and social distance
Social Psychology
Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Developing an instrument to measure physical activity related self-worth in women: Rasch analysis of the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA)-related self-worth (SW). Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI. Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, 0.87 and 0.72) and test-re-test reliability (r = 0.79, 0.70, 0.81). Women who reported regular PA participation had higher PA Knowledge, PA Emotional, PA Social, and General SW than those who reported some or no PA (p < 0.01) and correlations between Knowledge, Emotional, and Social SW subscales and General SW were 0.207, 0.130, and 0.220, respectively. PA Knowledge and PA Emotional SW had stronger correlations with PA (r = 0.344, 0.273, respectively) than did General SW (r = 0.133). The WPASWI demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and a stronger relationship with PA than a General SW instrument.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Understanding the link between spatial distance and social distance
Social Psychology
Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Developing an instrument to measure physical activity related self-worth in women: Rasch analysis of the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA)-related self-worth (SW). Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI. Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, 0.87 and 0.72) and test-re-test reliability (r = 0.79, 0.70, 0.81). Women who reported regular PA participation had higher PA Knowledge, PA Emotional, PA Social, and General SW than those who reported some or no PA (p < 0.01) and correlations between Knowledge, Emotional, and Social SW subscales and General SW were 0.207, 0.130, and 0.220, respectively. PA Knowledge and PA Emotional SW had stronger correlations with PA (r = 0.344, 0.273, respectively) than did General SW (r = 0.133). The WPASWI demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and a stronger relationship with PA than a General SW instrument.
Framing the past: How virtual experience affects bodily description of artefacts
Journal of Cultural Heritage
This study uses a novel, interdisciplinary approach to investigate how people describe ancient artefacts. Here, we focus on gestures. Researchers have shown that gestures are important in communication, and those researchers often make a distinction between beat and iconic gestures. Iconic gestures convey meaning, specifically, visual-spatial information. Beat gestures do not convey meaning; they facilitate lexical access. In our study, we videotaped participants while they described artefacts presented through varied media: visual examination, physical interaction, and three-dimensional virtual and material replica (i.e., 3D prints) interaction. Video analysis revealed that media type affected gesture production. Participants who viewed actual objects displayed in a museum-style case produced few gestures in their descriptions. This finding suggests that traditional museum displays may diminish or limit museum users degree of engagement with ancient artefacts. This interdisciplinary work advances our knowledge of material culture by providing new insights into how people use and experience ancient artefacts in varied presentations. Implications for virtual reproduction in research, education, and communication in archaeology are discussed.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Understanding the link between spatial distance and social distance
Social Psychology
Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Developing an instrument to measure physical activity related self-worth in women: Rasch analysis of the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA)-related self-worth (SW). Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI. Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, 0.87 and 0.72) and test-re-test reliability (r = 0.79, 0.70, 0.81). Women who reported regular PA participation had higher PA Knowledge, PA Emotional, PA Social, and General SW than those who reported some or no PA (p < 0.01) and correlations between Knowledge, Emotional, and Social SW subscales and General SW were 0.207, 0.130, and 0.220, respectively. PA Knowledge and PA Emotional SW had stronger correlations with PA (r = 0.344, 0.273, respectively) than did General SW (r = 0.133). The WPASWI demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and a stronger relationship with PA than a General SW instrument.
Framing the past: How virtual experience affects bodily description of artefacts
Journal of Cultural Heritage
This study uses a novel, interdisciplinary approach to investigate how people describe ancient artefacts. Here, we focus on gestures. Researchers have shown that gestures are important in communication, and those researchers often make a distinction between beat and iconic gestures. Iconic gestures convey meaning, specifically, visual-spatial information. Beat gestures do not convey meaning; they facilitate lexical access. In our study, we videotaped participants while they described artefacts presented through varied media: visual examination, physical interaction, and three-dimensional virtual and material replica (i.e., 3D prints) interaction. Video analysis revealed that media type affected gesture production. Participants who viewed actual objects displayed in a museum-style case produced few gestures in their descriptions. This finding suggests that traditional museum displays may diminish or limit museum users degree of engagement with ancient artefacts. This interdisciplinary work advances our knowledge of material culture by providing new insights into how people use and experience ancient artefacts in varied presentations. Implications for virtual reproduction in research, education, and communication in archaeology are discussed.
Gesture variants and cognitive constraints for interactive virtual reality training systems
15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Two studies investigated the nature of environmental context on various parameters of pointing. The results revealed the need for extreme temporal precision and the need for efficient algorithms to parse out different styles of pointing. Most variability in pointing came from individual differences, and a method to classify the kind of point and derive its temporal parameters is discussed. These results and methods improve the pragmatism of virtual reality, making events appear more realistic by emphasizing temporal precision.
Hidden sexism: Facial prominence and its connections to gender and occupational status in popular print media
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research
A total of 779 article-embedded photographs from six popular US magazines during 2004 (Newsweek, Time, Fortune, Money, People, and Sports Illustrated) were examined assessing the relationship between occupational status and gender and the depiction of men and women in print media. Results show individuals depicted in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than individuals depicted in physically focused occupations. Gender differences in facial prominence did not reach significance. A gender by occupation interaction indicated men in intellectually focused occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than women in similar professions, whereas women in physical occupations had higher face-to-body ratios than men in similar occupations. This suggests a disparity in the media with regard to displaying men and women equally in similar occupational roles.
Modeling gaze behavior for virtual demonstrators
International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Achieving autonomous virtual humans with coherent and natural motions is key for being effective in many educational, training and therapeutic applications. Among several aspects to be considered, the gaze behavior is an important non-verbal communication channel that plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the obtained animations. This paper focuses on analyzing gaze behavior in demonstrative tasks involving arbitrary locations for target objects and listeners. Our analysis is based on full-body motions captured from human participants performing real demonstrative tasks in varied situations. We address temporal information and coordination with targets and observers at varied positions.
The influence of short-term quercetin supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during simulated altitude exposure in trained cyclists
International Journal of Exercise Science
Few studies have examined the effects of quercetin on endurance performance during simulated altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 1000 mg·day-1 of quercetin for two weeks on cycling VO2peak in healthy trained male cyclists performing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions (NP and HP, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy male subjects were randomized to either a placebo or quercetin group. Baseline and post supplementation VO2peak values were quantified during incremental cycling under normobaric normoxic (FIO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (FIO2 = 13.6 + 0.2%) conditions. Subjects consumed capsules twice daily with either 500 mg quercetin or placebo (Tang) for two weeks and were re-assessed. Test order was randomized and assessments were separated by 48-72 hours. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for VO2peak normobaric normoxic trials (NPbaseline Placebo vs. NPbaseline Quercetin = 58.7+8.8 and 61.5+7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.541) and normobaric hypoxic trials (HPbaseline Placebo vs. HPbaseline Quercetin = 48.5+8.3 and 50.8+4.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.534). No significant differences were found after treatment (Placebo: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 58.7+ 8.8 and 56.7+7.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.10; HPbaseline vs .HPpost = 48.5+8.3 and 47.1+8.3, respectively, p = 0.50; Quercetin: NPbaseline vs. NPpost = 61.5+7.9 and 62.4+7.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p = 0.558; HPbaseline vs. HPpost = 50.8+4.8 and 51.2+3.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, p= 0.656. These data suggest that short-term quercetin supplementation at 1000 mg . day-1 does not affect VO2peak elicited via incremental maximal cycle testing under normobaric normoxic and hypoxic conditions in trained male cyclists. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation did not attenuate the decline in VO2peak that was evident in the normobaric hypoxic condition.
Smashing new results on aspectual framing: How people talk about car accidents
Studies in Language
How do people describe events they have witnessed? What role does linguistic aspect play in this process? To provide answers to these questions, we conducted an experiment on aspectual framing. In our task, people were asked to view videotaped vehicular accidents and to describe what happened (perfective framing) or what was happening (imperfective framing). Our analyses of speech and gesture in retellings show that the form of aspect used in the question differentially influenced the way people conceptualized and described actions. Questions framed with imperfective aspect resulted in more motion verbs (e.g. driving), more reckless language (e.g. speeding), and more iconic gestures (e.g. path gesture away from the body to show travel direction) than did questions framed with perfective aspect. Our research contributes novel insights on aspect and the construal of events, and on the semantic potency of aspect in leading questions. The findings are consistent with core assumptions in cognitive linguistics, including the proposal that linguistic meaning, including grammatical meaning, is dynamic and grounded in perceptual and cognitive experience.
The spatial and temporal underpinnings of social distance
Spatial Cognition VII, LNAI 6222
To what extent do people anchor thoughts about social relationships in terms of space and time? Three studies used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of “social” distance. In the three studies, participants read short narratives, drew what they imagined happening during the narrative, then estimated both time and distance. In general, results suggest that the conceptual structure of social relationships is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing and temporal estimation, but not absolute distance estimation. Results are discussed in terms of mental simulation and intercharacter interaction.
Understanding the link between spatial distance and social distance
Social Psychology
Why do people use spatial language to describe social relationships? In particular, to what extent do they anchor their thoughts about friendship in terms of space? Three experiments used drawing and estimation tasks to further explore the conceptual structure of social distance using friendship as a manipulation. In all three experiments, participants read short narratives and then drew what they imagined happened during the narrative and estimated passing time. Overall, the results of these exploratory studies suggest that the conceptual structure of friendship is linked to thought about space in terms of path drawing. Results are discussed in light of social distance and intercharacter interaction.
Developing an instrument to measure physical activity related self-worth in women: Rasch analysis of the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA)-related self-worth (SW). Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI. Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, 0.87 and 0.72) and test-re-test reliability (r = 0.79, 0.70, 0.81). Women who reported regular PA participation had higher PA Knowledge, PA Emotional, PA Social, and General SW than those who reported some or no PA (p < 0.01) and correlations between Knowledge, Emotional, and Social SW subscales and General SW were 0.207, 0.130, and 0.220, respectively. PA Knowledge and PA Emotional SW had stronger correlations with PA (r = 0.344, 0.273, respectively) than did General SW (r = 0.133). The WPASWI demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and a stronger relationship with PA than a General SW instrument.
Framing the past: How virtual experience affects bodily description of artefacts
Journal of Cultural Heritage
This study uses a novel, interdisciplinary approach to investigate how people describe ancient artefacts. Here, we focus on gestures. Researchers have shown that gestures are important in communication, and those researchers often make a distinction between beat and iconic gestures. Iconic gestures convey meaning, specifically, visual-spatial information. Beat gestures do not convey meaning; they facilitate lexical access. In our study, we videotaped participants while they described artefacts presented through varied media: visual examination, physical interaction, and three-dimensional virtual and material replica (i.e., 3D prints) interaction. Video analysis revealed that media type affected gesture production. Participants who viewed actual objects displayed in a museum-style case produced few gestures in their descriptions. This finding suggests that traditional museum displays may diminish or limit museum users degree of engagement with ancient artefacts. This interdisciplinary work advances our knowledge of material culture by providing new insights into how people use and experience ancient artefacts in varied presentations. Implications for virtual reproduction in research, education, and communication in archaeology are discussed.
Gesture variants and cognitive constraints for interactive virtual reality training systems
15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Two studies investigated the nature of environmental context on various parameters of pointing. The results revealed the need for extreme temporal precision and the need for efficient algorithms to parse out different styles of pointing. Most variability in pointing came from individual differences, and a method to classify the kind of point and derive its temporal parameters is discussed. These results and methods improve the pragmatism of virtual reality, making events appear more realistic by emphasizing temporal precision.
Comparing 2D pictures with 3D replicas for the digital preservation and analysis of tangible heritage
Museum Management and Curatorship
In this paper, we present two experiments designed to compare 2D digital pictures and 3D digital replicas of artifacts, to understand how differently these media facilitate the perception and understanding of our past. Archeologists and museum experts have commonly used 2D digital pictures to preserve and study artifacts. Recently, these scholars have also started to use 3D digital archives for their studies. Yet, we still need to determine how these two formats (2D vs. 3D) affect the perception of our past. Results of our experiments point to 3D digital replicas of artifacts as more effective means to digitally preserve tangible cultural heritage, since 3D multi-visualization augments the perception of physical characteristics of the artifacts allowing a more embodied experience with these objects. Our experiments also suggest that multi-visualization (i.e., point-cloud, mesh, and color information) helps the viewers to overcome their personal conceptualization of specific objects.
