Georgia Southern University - Psychology
Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Author, and Poet
Writing & Editing
Edward W. L.
Smith, Ph.D.
Statesboro, Georgia
After several years teaching at Georgia State University, and 18 years as a practicing psychotherapist in Atlanta, Edward was the founding Director of Clinical Training for the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) program at Georgia Southern University. During his independent practice and professorial years, he was an international workshop leader offering psychotherapy training throughout North America and Europe. Now an Emeritus Professor, he reckons with multiple muses, writing poetry and mystery, essays and books, painting, and playing tenor saxophone. Therein, he seeks balance of logos and eros. His most recent book is "The Echo of Odin: Norse Mythology and Human Consciousness."
Assistant Professor, Associate Professor of Psychology
Edward worked at Georgia State University as a Assistant Professor, Associate Professor of Psychology
Psychotherapist in Private Practice
Edward worked at Pine River Center for Psychotherapy as a Psychotherapist in Private Practice
Writer and Poet
Edward worked at Self-Employed as a Writer and Poet
Professor of Psychology and Director of Clinical Training
Edward worked at Georgia Southern University as a Professor of Psychology and Director of Clinical Training
B.A.
Psychology
M.S., Ph.D.
Experimental Psychology, Clinical Psychology (Philosophy minor)
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
The Gestalt Journal Press
Forty-six of my selected psychological and philosophical essays spanning my professional career. Most of these have seen print previously as book chapters or articles.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
The Gestalt Journal Press
Forty-six of my selected psychological and philosophical essays spanning my professional career. Most of these have seen print previously as book chapters or articles.
McFarland
This is a scholarly exploration of therapist "personhood." It includes a review of existing theory and a detailed examination of the research on personal therapist variables as they relate to therapy outcome. Special focus is placed on the development of the "person of the therapist."
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
The Gestalt Journal Press
Forty-six of my selected psychological and philosophical essays spanning my professional career. Most of these have seen print previously as book chapters or articles.
McFarland
This is a scholarly exploration of therapist "personhood." It includes a review of existing theory and a detailed examination of the research on personal therapist variables as they relate to therapy outcome. Special focus is placed on the development of the "person of the therapist."
The Gestalt Journal Press
This edited volume is my compilation of the 57 best articles pertaining to the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy that were published in the first 20 some years of "Voices" (journal of the American Academy of Psychotherapists). The first hard cover and soft cover editions were published by Ablex.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
The Gestalt Journal Press
Forty-six of my selected psychological and philosophical essays spanning my professional career. Most of these have seen print previously as book chapters or articles.
McFarland
This is a scholarly exploration of therapist "personhood." It includes a review of existing theory and a detailed examination of the research on personal therapist variables as they relate to therapy outcome. Special focus is placed on the development of the "person of the therapist."
The Gestalt Journal Press
This edited volume is my compilation of the 57 best articles pertaining to the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy that were published in the first 20 some years of "Voices" (journal of the American Academy of Psychotherapists). The first hard cover and soft cover editions were published by Ablex.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An exploration of what it means to be "sexually alive," how natural rhythms of sex can be understood, and how and why these natural rhythms are interrupted in the case of sexual dysfunction or "deadening." Problematic forms of sexuality ("perversion") are explored as attempts to keep sexuality alive. Political and moral issues are addressed as the cultural context of sexual aliveness. Originally published by McFarland.
Guilford
This is a volume that I co-edited with Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. It addresses the issues surrounding the use of touch in psychotherapy and defines and explores ethical and appropriate touch. Research findings are presented in addition to theory. Available "on demand" from Guilford.
Charles C. Thomas
"Lifting weights is the Hatha Yoga of the West," I proclaimed in my sojourn in the field of sport psychology. Serialized in the magazine "Muscle and Fitness" (Joe Weider, ed.), one installment began, "This month we continue our excerpt from the book Joe Weider has called one of the best ever on the iron sport." The book is informed by my years of competitive lifting and weight training.
McFarland
A comprehensive examination of the psychodynamic theories of artistic creativity and the arts, including those of Freud, Adler, Kris, Jung, Reich, Rank, Fairbairn, Lacan, Kubie, and Schachtel. An additional chapter presents Rorshcach's work as a system for the description and understanding of art. These theoretical templates are applied to painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, poetry, and prose. Reviewed in "Voices" (Summer, 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 87-89).
McFarland
An integrated model is introduced, drawing on Bioenergetics, Gestalt therapy, Psychomotor therapy, Reichian character analysis, and other body-focused approaches. Four sections cover a historical and theoretical perspective, the body as locus of personality assessment, the body as locus of psychotherapeutic intervention, and personal and ethical considerations.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An edited volume with an introduction by Miriam Polster that explores thel roots of Gestalt therapy and its integration with other approaches, including Client-Centered therapy, Existenial therapy, Jungian analysis, Psychomotor psychotherapy, meditation, and hypnosis. My chapter, "The Roots of Gestalt Therapy," is an in-depth search into the main sources from which Gestalt therapy sprang: psychoanalysis, Reichian character analysis, existentialism, Gestalt psychology, Taoism/Zen. Originally published by Brunner/Mazel (1976), and then by Citadel (1977), before its present edition.
The Gestalt Journal Press
Forty-six of my selected psychological and philosophical essays spanning my professional career. Most of these have seen print previously as book chapters or articles.
McFarland
This is a scholarly exploration of therapist "personhood." It includes a review of existing theory and a detailed examination of the research on personal therapist variables as they relate to therapy outcome. Special focus is placed on the development of the "person of the therapist."
The Gestalt Journal Press
This edited volume is my compilation of the 57 best articles pertaining to the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy that were published in the first 20 some years of "Voices" (journal of the American Academy of Psychotherapists). The first hard cover and soft cover editions were published by Ablex.
The Gestalt Journal Press
An exploration of what it means to be "sexually alive," how natural rhythms of sex can be understood, and how and why these natural rhythms are interrupted in the case of sexual dysfunction or "deadening." Problematic forms of sexuality ("perversion") are explored as attempts to keep sexuality alive. Political and moral issues are addressed as the cultural context of sexual aliveness. Originally published by McFarland.
McFarland
I present the mythology of the Vikings as a metaphor of consciousness. This mythical cosmography is explored as a map of the mind, a landscape of awareness. I examine each of the nine worlds as symbol of a particular type of consciousness; the individual gods and goddesses are considered, in turn, as nuanced personifications of their worlds.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
Fellow
Retired membership in 2012.
Fellow
Elected Fellow through the Divisions of Psychotherapy. Elected Fellow through the Division of Independent Practice. Elected Fellow through the Division of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.
President
Served as president in the mid-1970s. The society no longer exists.
The following profiles may or may not be the same professor:
The following profiles may or may not be the same professor: