Resume

• 2009

  Valentine

  University of Montevallo

  University of Montevallo

• 1994

  University of Tennessee

  University of Tennessee

• 1990

  NovaCare

  Florida and Tennessee

  Speech Pathologist

  NovaCare

• 1987

  FEDEX KINKOS

  Professor Publishing

  Knoxville

  Tennessee Area

  FEDEX KINKOS

• 1985

  National Information Centre

  Ministry of Interior

  Saudi Arabia

  ESL Instructor

  Saudi Arabia

  National Information Centre

  Ministry of Interior

  Saudi Arabia

• 1982

  Maryville College

  Maryville TN

  ESL Instructor

  Maryville College

• 1981

  Marian University Indianapolis

  ESL Instructor

  Indianapolis

  Indiana Area

  Marian University Indianapolis

• 1980

  Benedictine College

  Benedictine College

  University of Tennessee-Knoxville

  Master's degree

  Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist

  Michigan State University

  Master of Arts (M.A.)

  English Language and Literature/Letters

  Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

  Hearing and Speech Sciences

  Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)

• 1977

  Peace Corps

  Taza

  Morocco

  ESL Instructor

  Peace Corps

• Public Speaking

  ESL

  Courses

  Classroom

  Grant Writing

  Student Affairs

  Program Development

  Academic Advising

  Curriculum Design

  Publishing

  Cultural Duality of Figurative Meanings of Idioms

  This study reviews the current research related to idiom comprehension strategies for both native and English language learners (ELL). Central to this study was the examination of the cultural duality hypothesis - the theory that individuals may refer to idioms in their native language in order to solve culturally novel idioms that are different in form but similar in figurative meaning. A total of 86 participants were recruited into four testing groups. (Spanish adults

  English adults

  Spanish children

  English children). Each group complex both a Native Idiom Test (NIT) and a Culturally Novel Idiom Test (CNIT) in their native languages.The relationship between these two measures was used to indicate the presence and extent of cultural duality demonstrated by each group. Results revealed that English-speaking children and adults demonstrated the greatest relationship between the NIT and CNIT and therefore demonstrated evidence of the use of cultural duality. Fifth-grade English language learners appeared to have limited access to this strategy.

  Cultural Duality of Figurative Meanings of Idioms